tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-65019556999870095312024-03-08T06:15:13.072-08:00PENGANTAR JARINGAN KOMPUTERDesta Harisantihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07298801421189288453noreply@blogger.comBlogger3125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6501955699987009531.post-74557770289959721882012-01-05T18:45:00.000-08:002012-01-05T19:12:30.635-08:00Jaringan Komputer<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso" rel="Edit-Time-Data"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">BAB I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Latar
Belakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Jaringan komputer bukanlah sesuatu yang baru saat ini. Hampir di setiap</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> tempat seperti perusahaan, tempat pendidikan, perkantoran
bahkan tempat umum pun telah</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> terdapat jaringan komputer untuk
memperlancar arus informasi. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Internet yang mulai populer saat ini adalah suatu</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">jaringan komputer raksasa yang merupakan jaringan
komputer yang terhubung</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">dan dapat
saling berinteraksi. Hal
ini dapat terjadi
karena adanya</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">perkembangan teknologi jaringan yang sangat pesat,
sehingga dalam beberapa</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">tahun
saja jumlah pengguna jaringan komputer yang tergabung dalam Internet</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">berlipat ganda.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari jaringan komputer menjadi
salah satu kebutuhan penting. Dengan adanya jaringan komputer, akan mempermudah
kita dalam hal berbagi data dan resourse. Jaringan akan memungkinkan pemakaian
bersama-sama suatu resource oleh beberapa pemakai.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Itulah satu manfaat dari suatu jaringan komputer. Dalam
suatu jaringan komputer diperlukan beberapa perangkat jaringan komputer sesuai
dengan besarnya jaringan dan kebutuhan. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Tujuan
Penulisan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">dari</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> makalah ini adalah untuk memenuhi tugas Pengantar
Jaringan Komputer</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> dan juga
untuk menambah pengetahuan tentang perangkat jaringan (Network Device).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">BAB II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Pengertian Jaringan Komputer<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Pengertian <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Jaringan komputer adalah
sebuah kumpulan komputer, printer dan peralatan lainnya yang terhubung.
Informasi dan data bergerak melalui kabel-kabel sehingga memungkinkan pengguna
jaringan komputer dapat saling bertukar dokumen dan data, mencetak pada printer
yang sama dan bersama sama menggunakan hardware/software yang terhubung dengan
jaringan. Tiap komputer, printer atau periferal yang terhubung dengan jaringan
disebut node. Sebuah jaringan komputer
dapat memiliki dua, puluhan, ribuan atau bahkan jutaan node.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Sebuah jaringan biasanya
terdiri dari 2 atau lebih komputer yang saling berhubungan diantara satu dengan
yang lain, dan saling berbagi sumber
daya misalnya CDROM,
Printer, pertukaran file,
atau memungkinkan untuk saling berkomunikasi secara elektronik. Komputer
yang terhubung tersebut, dimungkinkan berhubungan dengan media kabel, saluran
telepon, gelombang radio, satelit, atau sinar infra merah. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Jenis-jenis jaringan komputer<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Ada 3 macam jenis Jaringan/Network yaitu
: <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">LAN (</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Local Area Network</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">)
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">LAN
adalah jaringan yang dibatasi oleh area yang relatif kecil, umumnya
dibatasi oleh area
lingkungan seperti sebuah perkantoran di sebuah gedung, atau
sebuah sekolah, dan biasanya tidak jauh dari sekitar 1 km persegi. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Beberapa
model konfigurasi LAN, satu komputer biasanya dijadikan sebuah file server.
Yang mana digunakan untuk menyimpan perangkat lunak (software) yang mengatur
aktifitas jaringan, ataupun sebagai
perangkat lunak yang
dapat digunakan oleh
komputer-komputer yang terhubung ke dalam network. Komputer-komputer yang terhubung ke
dalam jaringan (network) itu biasanya disebut dengan workstation. Biasanya
kemampuan workstation lebih di bawah dari
file server dan mempunyai aplikasi lain di dalam
harddisknya selain aplikasi untuk jaringan. Kebanyakan LAN menggunakan media kabel
untuk menghubungkan antara satu komputer dengan komputer lainnya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">MAN (</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Metropolitan Area Network</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">MAN adalah jaringan komputer yang saling terkoneksi dalam
satu kawasan kota yang jaraknya bisa lebih dari 1 km.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">WAN (</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Wide Area Network</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">)</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">WAN adalah jaringan komputer yang menghubungkan banyak LAN
ke dalam suatu jaringan terpadu, antara satu jaringan dengan jaringan lain
dapat berjarak ribuan kilometer atau terpisah letak geografi dengan menggunakan
metode komunikasi tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Perangkat Jaringan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Jaringan komputer</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">merupakan</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> sebuah sistem yang terdiri
atas komputer-komputer yang didesain untuk dapat berbagi sumber daya (printer,
CPU), berkomunikasi dan dapat mengakses informasi.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Agar dapat
mencapai tujuannya, setiap bagian dari jaringan komputer dapat meminta dan
memberikan layanan (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">service</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">). Pihak yang meminta/menerima layanan disebut klien (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">client</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">) dan yang memberikan/mengirim layanan disebut
peladen (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">server</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">).</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Desain ini disebut dengan sistem client-server, dan digunakan pada
hampir seluruh aplikasi jaringan komputer.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Dua buah komputer yang masing-masing
memiliki sebuah kartu jaringan, kemudian dihubungkan melalui kabel maupun
nirkabel sebagai medium transmisi data, dan terdapat perangkat lunak sistem
operasi jaringan akan membentuk sebuah jaringan komputer yang sederhana.
Apabila ingin membuat jaringan komputer yang lebih luas lagi jangkauannya, maka
diperlukan peralatan tambahan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">atau perangkat jaringan </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">sebagai
peralatan interkoneksinya</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Berikut adalah beberapa
perangkat jaringan yang dibutuhkan membuat jaringan komputer:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 88.85pt; left: 0pt; margin-left: 127.1pt; margin-top: 17.95pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 131pt; z-index: 1;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image002.png">
</v:imagedata><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Hub </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></v:shape></div>
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<span lang="IN">Gambar 1.1 Hub</span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Hub adalah sebuah perangkat
yang menyatukan kabel-kabel network dari tiap-tiap workstation, server atau
perangkat lain. Dalam topologi bintang, kabel twisted pair datang dari sebuah
workstation masuk ke dalam hub. Hub mempunyai banyak slot concenstrator yang
mana dapat dipasang menurut nomor port dari card yang dituju.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Hub berfungsi untuk memperkuat
sinyal dan tidak memiliki tingkat kecerdasan untuk menentukan tujuan akhir
informasi yang dikirim. Hub memiliki sejumlah port sehingga hub sering disebut
sebagai multiport repeater. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Ciri-ciri yang hub adalah:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Biasanya terdiri dari 8, 12, atau 24 port RJ-45 <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Digunakan pada topologi bintang/star<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Biasanya dijual dengan aplikasi khusus yaitu aplikasi yang mengatur
manajemen port tersebut<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Biasanya dipasang pada rak khusus, yang didalamnya ada Bridges, router.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><v:shape id="_x0000_i1034" style="height: 146.25pt; visibility: visible; width: 324pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gambar 1. 2 </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Topologi
Jaringan Menggunakan Hub</span><i><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Switch<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<v:shape id="_x0000_i1033" style="height: 51.75pt; visibility: visible; width: 108.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gambar 2. 1 Switch<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Switch bekerja pada lapisan
datalink sehingga sering disebut sebagai switch lapisan ke dua (Layer-2
switch). Cara kerja switch mirip dengan bridge yaitu mampu untuk mengenal
alamat MAC. Switch memiliki tabel penerjemah yang secara otomatis membuat
daftar alamat MAC dari komputer yang berada di jaringan. Dengan menggunakan
tabel alamat ini, switch meneruskan data ke alamat MAC komputer yang dituju.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Data yang masuk dan keluar
dari suatu port dapat langsung masuk switch tanpa harus menunggu data lain yang
melalui port lain. Hal ini dikatakan bahwa setiap port pada switch mempunyai
collision domain sendiri yang sangat mempercepat pengiriman data pada jaringan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1031" style="height: 178.5pt; visibility: visible; width: 337.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image006.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2. 2 Topologi jaringan
menggunakan Switch<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" style="height: 191.25pt; visibility: visible; width: 336pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image007.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 2. 3 Topologi jaringan menggunakan Switch dan Hub<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Router<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_i1029" style="height: 118.5pt; visibility: visible; width: 143.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image008.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 3. 1 Router<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Router adalah alat yang
berfungsi sebagai penghubung antar dua atau lebih jaringan untuk meneruskan
data dari satu jaringan ke jaringan lainnya. Router berbeda dengan </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_jaringan" title="Switch jaringan"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">switch</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Switch</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> merupakan
penghubung beberapa alat untuk membentuk suatu </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Area_Network" title="Local Area Network"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">Local Area Network</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> (LAN). Sebagai ilustrasi perbedaan fungsi dari </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">router</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">switch</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> merupakan suatu jalanan, dan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">router</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> merupakan penghubung antar </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalan" title="Jalan"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">jalan</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">. Masing-masing </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumah" title="Rumah"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">rumah</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> berada pada jalan yang memiliki alamat dalam suatu urutan tertentu.
Dengan cara yang sama, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">switch</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> menghubungkan berbagai macam
alat, dimana masing-masing alat memiliki </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alamat_IP" title="Alamat IP"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">alamat IP</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> sendiri pada sebuah </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN" title="LAN"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">LAN</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Router</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> sangat banyak digunakan dalam jaringan berbasis teknologi </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protokol" title="Protokol"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">protokol</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP" title="TCP/IP"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">TCP/IP</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">, dan router jenis itu disebut juga dengan </span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">IP Router</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">. Internet merupakan contoh utama
dari sebuah jaringan yang memiliki banyak </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">router</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> IP</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Router</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> dapat digunakan untuk menghubungkan banyak
jaringan kecil ke sebuah jaringan yang lebih besar, yang disebut dengan </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internetwork" title="Internetwork"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">internetwork</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">, atau untuk membagi sebuah
jaringan besar ke dalam beberapa </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subnet&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Subnet (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">subnetwork</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> untuk meningkatkan kinerja dan juga mempermudah
manajemennya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Router</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> juga dapat digunakan untuk menghubungkan </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAN" title="LAN"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">LAN</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> ke sebuah layanan </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telekomunikasi" title="Telekomunikasi"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">telekomunikasi</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> seperti halnya </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telekomunikasi" title="Telekomunikasi"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">telekomunikasi</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leased_line" title="Leased line"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">leased line</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> atau </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Subscriber_Line" title="Digital Subscriber Line"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">Digital Subscriber Line</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> (DSL). </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Router</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> yang digunakan untuk
menghubungkan LAN ke sebuah koneksi </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leased_line" title="Leased line"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">leased line</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> seperti </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T1&action=edit&redlink=1" title="T1 (halaman belum tersedia)"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">T1</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">, atau </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/T3" title="T3"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">T3</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">, sering disebut sebagai </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">access server</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">. Sementara itu, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">router</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> yang digunakan untuk menghubungkan
jaringan lokal ke sebuah koneksi DSL disebut juga dengan </span><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">DSL
router</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Bridge</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_11" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" style="height: 102.75pt; visibility: visible; width: 165.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata cropbottom="6744f" croptop="4825f" o:title="" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image009.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 4. 1 Bridge<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Bridge adalah sebuah perangkat
yang membagi satu buah jaringan kedalam dua buah jaringan, ini digunakan untuk
mendapatkan jaringan yang efisien, dimana kadang pertumbuhan network sangat
cepat makanya diperlukan jempatan untuk itu. Bridges juga dapat digunakan untuk
mengkoneksikanb diantara network yang menggunakan tipe kabel yang berbeda
ataupun topologi yang berbeda pula.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Repeator</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_14" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" style="height: 66.75pt; visibility: visible; width: 123pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 5. 1 Repeator<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Ketika suatu isyarat melintas
sepanjang kabel, isyarat tersebut cenderung mengalami penurunan kekuatan atau
daya. Repeater adalah alat yang dapat menguatkan (boost) isyarat jaringan yang
melintasinya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Modem </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Modem singkatan dari
Modulator-Demodulator. Modulate adalah proses penerjemahan data dari digital ke
analog sehingga bisa ditransmisikan. Demodulate adalah sebaliknya, proses
menerjemahkan dari analog ke digital. Modulator merupakan bagian yang mengubah
sinyal informasi kedalam sinyal pembawa<br />
(Carrier) dan siap untuk dikirimkan, sedangkan Demodulator adalah bagian yang
memisahkan sinyal informasi (yang berisi data atau pesan) dari sinyal pembawa
(carrier) yang diterima sehingga informasi tersebut dapat diterima dengan baik.
Modem merupakan penggabungan kedua-duanya, artinya modem adalah alat komunikasi
dua arah. Modem biasanya digunakan untuk koneksi memalui saluran telepon. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Ada 2 macam modem yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Modem internal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_17" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 77.25pt; visibility: visible; width: 105pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 6. 1 Modem internal<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Modem internal adalah modem yang
dipasanng di dalam komputer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Modem external<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
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</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 200%;">Gambar 6. 2 Modem interna<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 63.8pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Modem external adalah modem yang
dipasang diluar komputer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">BAB III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">PENUTUP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Kesimpulan <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Jaringan komputer</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">merupakan</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> sebuah sistem yang terdiri
atas komputer-komputer yang didesain untuk dapat berbagi sumber daya (printer,
CPU), berkomunikasi dan dapat mengakses informasi</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">. Jaringan komputer dibangun untuk mendukung
komunikasi sebuah komonitas pada range atau jarak tertentu. Dalam membentuk
jaringan komputer dibutuhkan beberapa perangkat jaringan komputer yaitu: hub,
switch, router, bridge, repeator dan modem.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Saran <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">Diharapakan</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;"> kita lebih memahami tentang perangkat jaringan
komputer dan dapat membedakan antara perangkat-perangkat jaringan komputer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; line-height: 200%;">DAFTAR PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">Ardiansyah, Dian. 2003. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Teknologi Jaringan Komputer</span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">. Kuliah Umum Ilmu Komputer. Com.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">Yani, Ahmad. 2007. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">Panduan Membangun Jaringan
Komputer. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://perangkat/"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">http://perangkat</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;"> jaringan coret_coret<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://perangkat-jaringan-komputer/"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">http://perangkat-jaringan-komputer</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin-left: 42.55pt; text-indent: -42.55pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://perangkat/"><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">http://perangkat</span></a></span><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal;">-jaringan-device <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoBodyText2" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 21.3pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>Desta Harisantihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07298801421189288453noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6501955699987009531.post-39224585215315433692011-12-31T22:41:00.000-08:002011-12-31T23:37:31.917-08:00Pengkodean Data<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso" rel="Edit-Time-Data"></link><!--[if !mso]>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">JURUSAN TEKNIK
INFORMATIKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">FAKULTAS TEKNIK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">UNIVERSITAS
NEGERI PADANG<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">2011</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB I <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Latar
Belakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Seiring dengan kemajuan kehidupan dalam
segala bidang k<span class="a">omputer merupakan perangkat teknologi informasi
dan komunikasi yang sudah</span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">menjadi bagian dari kehidupan
manusia.</span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Komputer
tidak hanya berperan dalam bid</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ang
pengetik</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">an atau penghitu</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ngan,
namun tela</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">h mer</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">amba</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">h
ke berbagai </span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">bidang lainnya,
termasuk bidang komunikasi, bidang pendidikan, ekonomi, bisnis,mi</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">lit</span></span><span class="l8"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">er,sen</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">i,
hi</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">bur</span></span><span class="l8"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">an,
jarin</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">gan telek</span></span><span class="l8"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">om</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">uni</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">kas</span></span><span class="l9"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">i</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span></span><span class="l8"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">te</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">lah
memanfa</span></span><span class="l7"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">at</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">kan</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span></span><span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">kemampu</span></span><span class="l6"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">an
komputer untuk membantu memecahkan masalah. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dalam bidang pendidikan,komputer dapat
dimanfaatkan sebagai media penunjang pembelajaran, alat analisis, dan hal-hal
yang terkait dengan kegiatan akademik. Pemanfaatan komputer dalam bidang</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">ekonomi dan bisnis dapat kita lihat
melalui berbagai sektor usaha yang sekarang hamper seluruhnya terkomputerisasi.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span class="a"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Oleh sebab itu
pentingnya bagi kita mengetahui sedikit banyak tentang apa yang dimaksud dengan
pengkodean, sinyal, dan penyimpanan dalam sistem komputer.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun tujuan
dari makalah ini adalah </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">untuk memenuhi tugas</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Pengantar Jaringan Komputer</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">
dan mengetahui apa yang dimaksud dengan pengkodean, sinyal, data analog dan
digital.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB
II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengkodean<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengkodean adalah suatu teknik yang
dilakukan untuk memberikan penegasan pada proses yang terlibat (data dan
pensinyalan)<span> </span>transmisi data. Dalam
proses tesebut perlu diperhatikan pula fasilitas-fasilitas komunikasi dan media
yang tersedia. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun tujuan<span> pengkodean data adalah:</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">• Tidak ada komponen dc<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">•
Tidak ada urutan bit yang menyebabkan sinyal b</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">erada pada level
0 dalam<span> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">waktu lama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">• Tidak mengurangi laju data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">• Kemampuan deteksi kesalahan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pengkodean</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> dibagi atas :</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><strong><span><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></strong><!--[endif]--><strong>BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) </strong><strong><span style="font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
Merupakan
kode binary yang di gunakan untuk mewakili nilai digit decimal saja, yaitu
nilai angka 0 s/d 9. BCD menggunakan kombinasi dari 4 digit. Kode BCD digunakan
pada komputer generasi pertama.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><strong>SBCDIC ( Standard Binary Coded Decimal
Intercharge code )</strong></div>
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Merupakan
coding 6 bit untuk 64 karakter. posisi bit di SBCDIC dibagi menjadi 2 zone,
yaitu 2 bit pertama (diberi nama bit A dan bit B) disebut dengan alpha bit
position dan 4 bit berikutnya (diberi nama bit 8, bit 4, bit 2, dan bit 1)
disebut dengan numeric bit position.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span>3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><strong>EBCDIC (Extended Binary Code Decimal for
Information Intercharge)</strong></div>
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Merupakan
kepanjangan dari Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. Terdiri dari
kombinasi 8-bit. Pada jenis ini high order bits atau 4-bit pertama disebut
dengan zone bits dan low-order bits atau 4 bit kedua disebut dengan numeric
bits.</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
merupakan
coding 8 bit untuk 256 karakter. Tranmisi asinkron membutuhkan 11 bit,yaitu :</div>
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1
bit awal – 8 bit data</div>
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1
bit pariti – 1 bit akhir</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span>4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><!--[endif]--><strong>ASCII (American Standard Code For
Information Intercharge)</strong></div>
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Merupakan
kepanjangan dari America Standart Code for Information Interchange, yang
dikembangkan oleh American National Standarts Institute (ANSI) untuk tujuan
membuat kode binary yang standar, kode ASCII ini menggunakan kombinasi 7 bit.
SSCII7-bit banyak digunakan oleh komputer generasi sekarang.</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
Coding
standar yang sering digunakan oleh peralatan komunikasi data.</div>
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merupakan
sandi 8 bit dimana 7 bit digunakan untuk bit data ditambah bit ke-8 sebagai bit
pariti</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify;">
Kode
ASCII7-bit ini terdiri dari 2 bagian:</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 3cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
• Control characters, merupakan karakter yang digunakan
untuk mengontrol pengiriman atau transmisi.</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 3cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
• Informations characters, merupakan karakter-karakter yang
mewakili data.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sinyal<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sinyal</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">
adalah suatu hal gejala fisika dimana satu atau beberapa dari karakteristiknya
melambangkan informasi, jenis sinyal yang ada secara umum berdasarkan
hakikatnya, dibagi ke dalam 2 tipe yaitu Sinyal Analog (data analog ) dan
sinyal digital (data digital).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Data
Analog</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Analog berarti</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> kuno dan
digital berarti moder</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">n,
analaog murah, digital mahal, atau analog berarti tidak seperti digital yang
identik dengan angka-angka. Begitulah anggapan ”awam” tentang analog dan
digital. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Data
analog adalah sinyal data dalam bentuk gelombang yang kontinyu, yang membawa
informasi dengan mengubah karakteristik gelombang. Dua parameter/karakteristik
terpenting yang dimiliki oleh isyarat analog adalah amplitude dan frekuensi.
Gelombang pada sinyal analog yang umumnya berbentuk gelombang sinus memiliki
tiga variable dasar, yaitu amplitudo, frekuensi dan phase. Amplitudo merupakan
ukuran tinggi rendahnya tegangan dari sinyal analog. Frekuensi adalah jumlah
gelombang sinyal analog dalam satuan detik. Phase adalah besar sudut dari sinyal
analog pada saat tertentu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Data Analog</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">disebarluaskan</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> melalui
gelombang elekromagnetik (gelombang radio) secara terus menerus, yang banyak
dipengaruhi oleh faktor ”pengganggu”. Analog merupakan bentuk komunikasi
elektromagnetik yang merupakan proses pengiriman sinyal pada gelombang
elektromagnetik dan bersifat variable yang berurutan. Jadi sistem analog
merupakan suatu bentuk sistem komunikasi elektromagnetik
yang menggantungkan proses pengiriman sinyalnya pada gelombang
elektromagnetik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Jadi
sistem analog merupakan suatu bentuk sistem komunikasi elektromagnetik yang
menggantungkan proses pengiriman sinyalnya pada gelombangelektromagnetik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kecepatan
gelombang ini disebut dengan Hertz (Hz) yang diukur dalam satuan detik. Misal
dalam satu detik gelombang dikirim sebanyak 1000, maka disebut dengan 1000
Hertz. Kekurangan sistem analog ini adalah pengiriman sinyal agak lambat dan
sering terjadi error. Hal-hal seperti ini tidak terjadi pada sistem digital.
Oleh karenanya saat ini banyak peralatan maupun aplikasi yang beralih dari
sistem analog menjadi sistem digital.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<v:shape alt="ana_digital" href="http://www.cybercollege.com/pix/ana_digital.gif" id="Picture_x0020_19" o:allowoverlap="f" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_s1029" style="height: 100.5pt; left: 0pt; margin-left: 116.1pt; margin-top: 1.1pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 162pt; z-index: 1;" target=""_blank"" type="#_x0000_t75">
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<v:imagedata cropbottom="27555f" o:title="ana_digital" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image002.png">
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</w:wrap><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Data
Digital<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Data Digital</span></strong><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">
merupakan sinyal data dalam bentuk pulsa yang dapat mengalami perubahan yang
tiba-tiba dan mempunyai besaran 0 dan 1. Sinyal digital hanya memiliki dua
keadaan, yaitu 0 dan 1, sehingga tidak mudah terpengaruh oleh derau, tetapi
transmisi dengan sinyal digital hanya mencapai jarak jangkau pengiriman data
yang relatif dekat. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Data
Digital pada dasarnya di code-kan dalam bentuk biner (atau Hexa). besarnya
nilai suatu sistem digital dibatasi oleh lebarnya / jumlah bit (bandwidth).
jumlah bit juga sangat mempengaruhi nilai akurasi sistem digital. Contoh kasus
ada sistem digital dengan lebar 1 byte (8 bit). maka nilai-nilai yang dapat
dikenali oleh sistem adalah bilangan bulat dari 0 – 255 ( 256 nilai : 2 pangkat
8 ).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Biasanya
sinyal ini juga dikenal dengan sinyal diskret. Sinyal yang mempunyai dua
keadaan ini biasa disebut dengan bit. Bit merupakan istilah khas pada sinyal
digital. Sebuah bit dapat berupa nol (0) atau satu (1).Kemungkinan nilai untuk
sebuah bit adalah 2 buah (21). Kemungkinan nilai untuk 2 bit adalah sebanyak 4
(22), berupa 00, 01, 10, dan 11. Secara umum, jumlah kemungkinan nilai yang
terbentuk oleh kombinasi n bit adalah sebesar 2n buah.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Teknologi
digital memiliki beberapa keistimewaan unik yang tidak dapat ditemukan pada
teknologi analog, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mampu mengirimkan informasi dengan
kecepatan cahaya yang mengakibatkan informasi dapat dikirim dengan kecepatan
tinggi.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Penggunaan yang berulang-ulang terhadap
informasi tidak mempengaruhi kualitas dan kuantitas informasi itu sendiri.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Informasi dapat dengan mudah diproses
dan dimodifikasi ke dalam berbagai bentuk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 78pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dapat memproses informasi dalam jumlah
yang sangat besar dan </span><v:shape alt="ana_digital" href="http://www.cybercollege.com/pix/ana_digital.gif" id="Picture_x0020_20" o:allowoverlap="f" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_s1028" style="height: 92.25pt; left: 0pt; margin-left: 134.75pt; margin-top: 27.5pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 152.25pt; z-index: 2;" target=""_blank"" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:fill o:detectmouseclick="t">
<v:imagedata cropbottom="1738f" croptop="26810f" o:title="ana_digital" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image002.png">
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</w:wrap><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">mengirimkannya
secara interaktif.<o:p></o:p></span></v:imagedata></v:fill></v:shape></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Adapun per</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">andingan yang mudah dipahami antara
analog dengan digital adalah seperti : pada pita kaset lagu dan file MP3. Jika </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">kita </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">meng-copy (menyalin) ata</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">u </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>merekam</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>pita kaset, tentu hasilnya banyak ditentukan
oleh alat perekamnya, </span><a href="http://www.geekalerts.com/u/retro-ripper.jpg" target="_blank"></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">kebersihan
”head” rekam nya, dan sebagainya, semakin banyak </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">kita </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">merekam ke tempat lain, kualitas
suaranya akan berubah. Tapi dengan meng-copy file MP3, </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">kita </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">akan mendapat salinannya sama
persis dengan aslinya, berapapun banyaknya </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">kita </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span>menggandakannya.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kini
ada juga yang menyalin lagu-lagu dari pita kaset menjadi file,</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">atau disebut juga
"men-digital-isasi", begitu juga dengan jam analog dan jam digital.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<v:shape alt="retro-ripper" href="http://www.geekalerts.com/u/retro-ripper.jpg" id="Picture_x0020_21" o:allowoverlap="f" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 105pt; left: 0pt; margin-left: 29pt; margin-top: 18.95pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 168pt; z-index: 3;" target=""_blank"" type="#_x0000_t75">
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</w:wrap><v:shape alt="analog_digital_clock" href="http://www.usflashmap.com/img/pad_screenshots/analog_digital_clock.jpg" id="Picture_x0020_23" o:allowoverlap="f" o:button="t" o:spid="_x0000_s1027" style="height: 105pt; left: 0pt; margin-left: 218pt; margin-top: 18.95pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 196.5pt; z-index: 4;" target=""_blank"" type="#_x0000_t75">
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB III<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">PENUTUP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kesimpulan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pe</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">n</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">gkodean merupakan suatu teknik yang
dilakukan untuk memberikan penegasan pada proses yang terlibat dalam<span> </span>transmisi data. Sinyal suatu hal gejala
fisika dimana satu atau beberapa dari karakteristiknya melambangkan informasi.
Sinyal dapat dibagi atas 2 yaitu sinyal analog dan sinyal digital</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1cm; text-indent: -1cm;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span>B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span></b><!--[endif]--><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Saran
<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 1cm;">
<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span> </span></span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Untuk memahami lebih mendalam tentang pengkodean data
sebaiknya kita terlebih dahulu memahami tentang gerbang logika dan konversi
bilangan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac>Desta Harisantihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07298801421189288453noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6501955699987009531.post-11488711273181556032011-12-30T19:39:00.000-08:002011-12-31T23:37:31.912-08:00Komputer dan NIC<link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml" rel="File-List"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso" rel="Edit-Time-Data"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx" rel="themeData"></link><link href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml" rel="colorSchemeMapping"></link>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">MAKALAH<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">PENGANTAR
JARINGAN KOMPUTER<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">KOMPUTER
DAN NIC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Oleh:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Desta Harisanti : 1110361<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Filla Delfia : 1110338<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">JURUSAN TEKNIK
INFORMATIKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">FAKULTAS TEKNIK<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">UNIVERSITAS
NEGERI PADANG<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;">2011</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB
I<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">PENDAHULUAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Latar Belakang<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Pada zaman sekarang ini, teknologi telah
berkembang pesat. Seperti halnya radio, televisi dan telepon, komputer kini merupakan
seperangkat teknologi informasi dan komunikasi yang telah menjadi bagian dari
kehidupan manusia</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">. <span style="color: #1c1c1c;">Komputer sudah biasa kita jumpai di sekolah, perkantoran,
di tempat umum, bahkan di rumah tangga. Komputer banyak digunakan karena dapat
menunjang berbagai kebutuhan dan aktivitas manusia. Komputer memiliki banyak
keunggulan, jenis-jenis dan berbagai macam elemen-elemen. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="color: #1c1c1c; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Oleh sebab itu, disamping kita bisa
menggunakan komputer dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, kita juga harus mengetahui
apa-apa saja bagian-bagian dari komputer tersebut.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29.4pt;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Tujuan dari
makalah ini adalah untuk memenuhi tugas Pengantar Jaringan Komputer dan untuk
mengetahui lebih banyak tentang komputer dan NIC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB
II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">PEMBAHASAN<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Komputer<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">I</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">stilah
dari komputer berasal dari bahasa </span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">latin computare yang mengandung arti “menghitung”
(to compute atau reckon</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">).</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Penemu
</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">komputer </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">pertama kali adalah Charles
Babbage seorang pakar matematik pada tahun 1822</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">,</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia","serif"; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">dengan
idenya yang cemerlang menciptakan sebuah alat yang dapat membantu manusia dalam
melakukan perhitungan yang rumit. Mesinnya yang tidak selesai dibuat saat ini
berada di London Museum of Science. Dari sinilah cikal bakal komputer diawali. Tahun
1946 Dr. John W. Mauchly dan J. Presper Eckert, jr. menyelesaikan komputer
skala besar yang pertama, diberi nama ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator
And Computer). Dunia mengetahui kedua orang ini sebagai </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">penemu komputer</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">K</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">omputer adalah</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> seperangkat
elektronik yang dapat menerima masukan (input),
dan selanjutnya melakukan pengolahan (process)
untuk menghasilkan keluaran (output)
berupa informasi. Sedangkan </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">s</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">istem
komputer</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> adalah kumpulan dari elemen-elemen
komputer perangkat keras (hardware), perangkat lunak (software), dan orang yang
menjalankannya (brainware) yang saling berhubungan (terintegrasi) dan saling
berinteraksi untuk melakukan pengolahan data dengan tujuan menghasilkan
informasi sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Komputer mempunyai beberapa keunggulan, di antaranya sebagai
berikut :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">a)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mempunyai
kecepatan yang tinggi dalam mengolah data. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">b)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mempunyai
kemampuan mengolah data dengan cepat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">c)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Data
yang diolah dapat dipercaya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">d)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mempunyai
memori yang tajam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">e)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mempunyai
ketelitian yang tinggi pada saat mengolah data. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">f)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Dapat
menyimpan data.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Secara umum,
jenis-jenis komputer saat ini terbagi menjadi :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Superkomputer <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Superkomputer
merupakan jenis komputer yg memiliki kecepatan proses paling hebat.
Superkomputer ini tersusun atas 9.152 prosesor Pentium P6 dengan kecepatan
lebih dari 1,3 triliyun instruksi per detik.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mainframe atau Komputer Besar <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mainframe
adalah computer yg sangat besar dgn kecepatan 50 sampai 20.000 MFLOPS. Kegunaannya
adalah menangani pemprosesan data dengan volume yang sangat besar. Contoh
komputer ini adalah IBM S/390.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Minikomputer atau komputer kecil <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Minikomputer
sering disebut dengan system Midrange, merupakan mesin besar yang berdaya guna
(powerfull). Minicomputer ini memiliki kecepatan 3-1.000 MLOPS. Contoh komputer
ini adalah IBM AS/400. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">4)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Workstation atau terminal kerja <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Workstation
merupakan mesin yang powerfull. Menyelesaikan aplikasi perhitungan yang rumit
dengan kecepatan 50-500MLOPS. komputer ini menggunakan system operasi UNIX atau
NT. komputer jenis ini dilengkapi dengan prosesor RISC yang powerfull seperti
digital Alpha atau MIPS. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">5)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mikrokomputer <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mikrokomputer
lebih dikenal dengan personal komputer/komputer pribadi, merupakan computer
yang murah dan dibuat/diproduksi secara banyak/masal, dengan kecepatan
1-50MLOPS. komputer ini digunakan untuk aplikasi-aplikasi standar.
Mikrokomputer ini dibedakan menjadi Desktop PC, Tower PC, Notebook, Palmtop,
PDA, dan Laptop.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">6)<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> Mokrokontroler
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mikrokontroler
disebut juga Embedded komputer, yaitu suatu mikrokompresor yang berukuran kecil
yang biasa dipasang pada peralatan elektronik cerdas, mobil, maupun lift.
Komputer terdiri dari pendukung-pendukung fisik yang disebut dengan hardware /
perangkat keras yang meliputi prosesor, RAM, keyboard mouse, dll. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.1pt;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Perangkat keras (hardware) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;">
Perangkat
keras adalah segala peralatan yang berwujud fisik atau peralatan komputer yang
dapat dilihat dengan menggunakan indra kita. Berdasarkan fungsinya, perangkat
keras komputer dibagi menjadi :<span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 1cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;">
<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
a.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>input divice (unit masukan)</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 29.5pt;">
Unit
ini berfungsi sebagai media untuk memasukkan data dari luar ke dalam suatu
memori dan processor untuk diolah guna menghasilkan informasi yang diperlukan.
Berdasarkan sifatnya, peralatan input dapat digolongkan menjadi dua yaitu :</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Peralatan input langsung, yaitu input yang
dimasukkan langsung diproses oleh alat pemroses. Contohnya : keyboard, mouse,
touch screen, light pen, digitizer graphics tablet, scanner.</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Peralatan input tidak langsung,<span lang="IN"> yaitu</span> input yang melalui media tertentu
sebelum suatu input diproses oleh alat pemroses. Contohnya : punched card,
disket, harddisk.</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
b.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Process device (unit Pemrosesan)</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 52.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 25.1pt;">
<span style="color: black;">Otak sebuah komputer berada pada unit pemrosesan. Unit
pemrosesan ini dinamakan CPU. Fungsi CPU adalah sebagai pemroses dan pengolah
data yang selanjutnya dapat menghasilkan suatu informasi yang diperlukan. Pada
komputer mikro unit pemrosesan ini disebut dengan (pemroses mikro) atau
processor yang berbentuk yang terdiri dari ribuan</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">sampai jutaan IC.
Fungsi utama dari CPU bekerja dengan aritmatika dan logika terhadap data yang
terdapat dalam memori atau yang dimasukkan melalui unit masukkan seperti</span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black;">keyboard,
scanner, atau joystick.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 52.9pt; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Peralatan </span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">p</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">roses adalah alat yang digunakan untuk melakukan suatu pemrosesan data.
Yang termasuk peralatan proses adalah</span><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.75pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><i>Prosesor</i><b><i> </i></b><i><br />
</i>Processor disebut juga otak dari komputer semakin bagus tipe processor maka
semakin mahal pula komputer, maka processor disebut sebagai inti dari komputer.
Fungsi processor adalah untuk memproses semua kegiatan yang dilakukan komputer,
yang direquest pengguna.</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<v:shape alt="prosesor" id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_s1034" style="height: 91.5pt; left: 0pt; margin-left: 142.35pt; margin-top: 0.15pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 91.5pt; z-index: -9;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="prosesor" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image002.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-left: 71.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.75pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><i>Motherboard</i><b><i> </i></b> </div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 71.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<v:shape alt="motherboard" id="Picture_x0020_38" o:spid="_x0000_s1033" style="height: 157.5pt; left: 0pt; margin-left: 102.6pt; margin-top: 169.95pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 157.5pt; z-index: -8;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="motherboard" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image003.jpg">
</v:imagedata>Motherboard atau Papan induk adalah papan sirkuit tempat berbagai
komponen elektronik saling terhubung, motherboard biasa disingkat dengan kata
mobo. Pada motherboard inilah perangkat keras seperti Harddisk, <span lang="IN">RAM</span>, prosesor, kartu grafis, dan perangkat
keras lain dihubungkan. Motherboard yang banyak ditemui dipasaran saat ini
adalah motherboard milik PC yang pertama kali dibuat dengan dasar agar dapat
sesuai dengan spesifikasi PC IBM.</v:shape></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: 0cm;">
c.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Output device (unit keluaran)</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify;">
Digunakan untuk
menampilkan data atau dengan kata lain untuk menangkap data yang dikirimkan oleh
micro processor</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-indent: 21.25pt;">
Contoh output
device :</div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><i>Kartu grafis</i><b><i> </i></b></div>
<br />
<div>
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify;">
Kartu grafis, atau
kartu video adalah kartu ekspansi yang berfungsi untuk menciptakan dan
menampilkan tampilan-tampilan di layar. Kartu grafis ini terdiri dari rangkaian
komponen elektronika. Biasanya tertancap pada slot di papan utama CPU pada
komputer.</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<v:shape alt="kartu grafis" id="Picture_x0020_40" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" style="height: 83.25pt; visibility: visible; width: 165pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="kartu grafis" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image004.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span>Monitor komputer </div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: justify;">
adalah salah satu
jenis soft-copy device, karena keluarannya adalah berupa signal elektronik,
dalam hal ini berupa gambar yang tampil di layar monitor. Gambar yang tampil
adalah hasil pemrosesan data ataupun informasi masukan.<span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<v:shape alt="monitor" id="Picture_x0020_43" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 98.25pt; visibility: visible; width: 102.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="monitor" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image005.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Printer
merupakan sebuah perangkat keras yang dihubungkan pada komputer yang berfungsi
untuk menghasilan cetakan baik berupa tulisan ataupun gambar dari komputer pada
media kertas atau yang sejenisnya.</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<v:shape alt="printer" id="Picture_x0020_46" o:spid="_x0000_s1032" style="height: 137.9pt; left: 0pt; margin-left: 141.45pt; margin-top: -13.05pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 137.45pt; z-index: -7;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="printer" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image006.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 71.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.75pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><v:shape alt="speaker" id="Picture_x0020_49" o:spid="_x0000_s1031" style="height: 148.75pt; left: 0pt; margin-left: 121.1pt; margin-top: 130.85pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 148.6pt; z-index: -6;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="speaker" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image007.jpg">
</v:imagedata><b>Speaker</b><b><br />
</b>Speaker di sini pengertiannya sama dengan speaker pada umumnya, Speaker
adalah transduser yang mengubah sinyal elektrik ke frekuensi audio (suara)
dengan cara menggetarkan komponennya yang berbentuk selaput.</v:shape></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
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<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
d.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Backing Storage (unit penyimpanan)</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify;">
Biasa disebut memory
adalah suatu tempat penyimpanan atau penampung data dan program.</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>RAM
<i>(Random Access Memory)</i><b>
– Memory</b><b> </b></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify;">
Memory atau RAM
merupakan sebuah perangkat keras komputer yang berfungsi sebagai tempat
penyimpanan data sementara. Memory bekerja dengan menyimpan dan menyuplai
data-data penting yang dibutuhkan Processor dengan cepat untuk diolah menjadi
informasi.</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<v:shape alt="RAM" id="Picture_x0020_32" o:spid="_x0000_s1030" style="height: 93.75pt; margin-left: 114.6pt; margin-top: 13.95pt; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 147pt; z-index: -5;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="RAM" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image008.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 71.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span>Harddisk
bisa juga disebut Harddisk drive (HDD) atau hard drive (HD) yaitu salah satu
perangkat keras komputer yang berfungsi sebagai tempat penyimpanan data
sekunder, di dalam harddisk berisi piringan magnetis.</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<v:shape alt="harddisk" id="Picture_x0020_51" o:spid="_x0000_s1029" style="height: 111pt; left: 0pt; margin-left: 129.6pt; margin-top: 1.85pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 100.5pt; z-index: -4;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="harddisk" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image009.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
e.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span>Periferal ( unit tambahan)</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify;">
Perangkat-perangkat
keras yang dapat ditambahkan ke PC untuk meningkatkan kemampuan sistim
computer. Contoh perangkat keras komputer yang termasuk dalam unit tambahan
atau periferal antara lain:</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -7.05pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><i>Modem</i><i><br />
</i>adalah suatu rangkaian yang berfungsi melakukan proses modulasi, yaitu
proses “menumpangkan” data pada frekuensi gelombang pembawa (carrier signal) ke
sinyal informasi/pesan agar bisa dikirim ke penerima melalui media tertentu (seperti
media kabel atau udara), biasanya berupa gelombang sinus.</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify;">
<v:shape alt="pengerian-modem-gsm" id="Picture_x0020_54" o:spid="_x0000_s1028" style="height: 102.55pt; left: 0pt; margin-left: 171.1pt; margin-top: -1.25pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 59.55pt; z-index: -3;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="pengerian-modem-gsm" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image010.png">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -8.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><i>Kartu suara</i> </div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 72pt; text-align: justify;">
Kartu suara (Sound
Card) adalah suatu perangkat keras komputer yang digunakan untuk mengeluarkan
suara dan merekam suara</div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<v:shape alt="kartu suara" id="Picture_x0020_57" o:spid="_x0000_s1027" style="height: 111pt; left: 0pt; margin-left: 115.35pt; margin-top: 0.2pt; position: absolute; text-align: left; visibility: visible; width: 190.3pt; z-index: -2;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="kartu suara" src="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_image011.jpg">
</v:imagedata><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></v:shape></div>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Perangkat </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">lunak </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">(</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">soft</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">ware) <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Perangkat
Lunak (<i>software</i>) merupakan suatu program yang dibuat oleh pembuat
program untuk menjalankan perangkat keras komputer. Perangkat Lunak adalah
program yang berisi kumpulan instruksi untuk melakukan proses pengolahan data. <i>Software</i>
sebagai penghubung antara manusia sebagai pengguna dengan perangkat keras
komputer, berfungsi menerjemahkan bahasa manusia ke dalam bahasa mesin sehingga
perangkat keras komputer memahami keinginan pengguna dan menjalankan instruksi
yang diberikan dan selanjutnya memberikan hasil yang diinginkan oleh
manusia tersebut.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 20.7pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Perangkat lunak komputer berfungsi
untuk :</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengidentifikasi program<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menyiapkan aplikasi program sehingga tata kerja
seluruh perangkat komputer terkontrol.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.55pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengatur dan membuat pekerjaan lebih efisien.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Perangkat lunak terbagi menjadi 4
macam, yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sistem
Operasi (<i>Operating System</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Sistem
Operasi yaitu program yang berfungsi untuk mengendalikan sistem kerja yang
mendasar sehingga mengatur kerja media input, output, tabel pengkodean, memori,
penjadwalan prosesor, dan lain-lain. Sistem operasi berfungsi sebagai
penghubung antara manusia dengan perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak yang
akan digunakan. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Adapun fungsi utama sistem operasi
adalah :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Menyimpan program dan aksesnya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Membagi tugas di dalam CPU<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengalokasikan tugas-tugas penting<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Merekam sumber-sumber data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Mengatur memori sistem termasuk penyimpanan, menghapus
dan mendapatkan data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Memeriksa kesalahan sistem<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Multitugas pada OS/2″, Windows ’95″, Windows ’98″,
Windows NT”, /2000/XP<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Memelihara keamanan sistem, khusus pada
jaringan yang membutuhkan kata sandi (<i>password</i>) dan penggunaan ID<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Contoh
Sistem Operasi, misalnya : Disk operating System (DOS), Microsoft Windows,
Linux, dan Unix.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Program Aplikasi (Aplication Programs)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Program
Aplikasi adalah perangkat lunak yang dirancang khusus untuk kebutuhan
tertentu, misalnya program pengolah kata, mengelola lembar kerja, program
presentasi, design grafis, dan lain-lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bahasa Pemr</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">o</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">graman (<i>Programming Language</i>)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Perangkat
lunak bahasa yaitu program yang digunakan untuk menerjemahkan
instruksi-instruksi yang ditulis dalam bahasa pemrograman ke bahasa mesin
dengan aturan atau prosedur tertentu, agar diterima oleh komputer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Ada 3 level bahasa pemrograman,
yaitu :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bahasa tingkat rendah (<i>low level language</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bahasa ini
disebut juga bahasa mesin (assembler), dimana pengkodean bahasanya menggunakan kode
angka 0 dan 1.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bahasa
tingkat tinggi (<i>high level language</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bahasa ini
termasuk dalam bahasa pemrograman yang mudah dipelajari oleh pengguna komputer
karena menggunakan bahasa Inggris. Contohnya</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">: </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BASIC,
COBOL, PASCAL, FORTRAN.</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Bahasa
generasi keempat (4 GL)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Bahasa
pemrograman 4 GL (Fourth Generation Language) merupakan bahasa yang
berorientasi pada objek yang disebut Object Oriented Programming
(OOP). Contoh software ini adalah : Visual Basic, Delphi, Visual C++<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Program Bantu (<i>Utility</i>)</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 2cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Perangkat Lunak
merupakan perangkat lunak yang berfungsi sebagai aplikasi pembantu dalam
kegiatan yang ada hubungannya dengan komputer, misalnya memformat disket,
mengopi data, mengkompres file, dan lain-lain.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Contoh software ini diantaranya :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 13.65pt;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Norton Utility<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Winzip<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Norton Ghost<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 200%;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Antivirus<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt;">NIC (</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">N</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">etwork </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">I</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">nterface </span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">C</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">ard</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">)</span></b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
Sebuah <span lang="IN">N</span>etwork <span lang="IN">I</span>nterface <span lang="IN">C</span>ard<span lang="IN">,</span> lebih sering disebut sebagai NIC<span lang="IN"> atau biasa disingkat dengan Network Card </span>adalah perangkat yang
memungkinkan <a href="http://agussale.com/category/komputer" title="komputer"><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none;">komputer</span></a>
untuk bergabung bersama dalam LAN atau
jaringan area lokal. <span lang="IN">NIC merupakan
bagian hardware komputer yang dirancang agar komputer dapat berkomunikasi dalam
jaringan komputer. NIC ditemukan oleh Robert Metcalfe pada tahun 1973. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
Fungsi
network interface card <span lang="IN">antara lain:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN">S</span>ebagai
penghubung bagi komputer untuk mengirim dan menerima data pada LAN. <span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN">Media
pengirim data ke komputer lain dalam jaringan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN">Mengontrol
data flow antara komputer dan sistem kabel<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 70.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.25pt;">
<span lang="IN">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><span lang="IN">Menerima
data yang dikirim dari komputer lain lewat kabel dan menerjemahkannya ke dalam
bit yang dimengerti oleh komputer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
Bahasa yang paling umum untuk protokol LAN ini adalah Ethernet,
kadang-kadang disebut sebagai IEEE 802.3. Ketika membangun sebuah LAN, <span lang="IN">NIC</span> harus diinstal di setiap
komputer pada jaringan dan semua NIC di jaringan harus dirancang dalam
arsitektur yang sama. Ethernet
network interface card dipasang dalam slot yang tersedia di dalam komputer. NIC
memberikan alamat unik yang disebut MAC (media access control) ke komputer. Mac
pada jaringan digunakan untuk mengarahkan lalu lintas antara komputer. Pelat
belakang network interface card port terlihat mirip dengan jack telepon, tetapi
sedikit lebih besar. Port ini mengakomodasi kabel Ethernet, yang menyerupai
versi tebal dari saluran telepon
standar. Ethernet kabel harus
dijalankan dari setiap <span lang="IN">NIC</span> ke
hub<span lang="IN">ungan</span> sentral atau switch.
<span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;">
Sebuah network interface card tidak harus menggunakan penghubung kabel.
Ethernet nirkabel misalnya, diinstal dengan memiliki antena kecil untuk
memancarkan gelombang penghubung antar komputer. Kartu ini berkomunikasi dengan
saklar pusat atau hub nirkabel melalui gelombang radio. Wireless LAN mungkin
memiliki beberapa pembatasan tergantung pada bangunan sekitarnya. Sebagai
contoh, dinding dapat memblokir sinyal antara network interface card jaringan
dan hub atau switch.<span lang="IN"> Berikut ini
adalah contoh NIC :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">BAB
I</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">II<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">PEN</span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">UTUP<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">A.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Kesimpulan<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">K</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">omputer adalah</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> seperangkat
elektronik yang dapat menerima masukan (input),
dan selanjutnya melakukan pengolahan (process)
untuk menghasilkan keluaran (output)
berupa informasi.</span><span lang="PT-BR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">S</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">istem
komputer</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> adalah kumpulan dari elemen-elemen
komputer perangkat keras (hardware), perangkat lunak (software), dan orang yang
menjalankannya (brainware) yang saling berhubungan (terintegrasi) dan saling
berinteraksi untuk melakukan pengolahan data dengan tujuan menghasilkan
informasi sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">NIC merupakan bagian hardware komputer yang dirancang agar komputer dapat
berkomunikasi dalam jaringan komputer.</span><span lang="IN"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">NIC
adalah perangkat yang memungkinkan </span><a href="http://agussale.com/category/komputer" title="komputer"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%; text-decoration: none;">komputer</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">
untuk bergabung bersama dalam LAN</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">atau
jaringan area lokal.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">B.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b><b><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Saran<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">Diharapkan bagi kita agar dapat mengetahui lebih dalam
tentang komputer dan NIC.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;">DAFTAR
PUSTAKA<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<h1>
<u><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;">http://belajar-komputer-mu.com/pengertian-hardware-perangkat-keras-komputer</span></u><u><span lang="IN" style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></h1>
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<a href="http://agussale.com/penjelasan-mengenai-apa-itu-network-interface-card"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://agussale.com/penjelasan-mengenai-apa-itu-network-interface-card</span></a><span lang="IN"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.slideshare.net/irvan132/network-card-nic"><span lang="IN" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.slideshare.net/irvan132/network-card-nic</span></a><u><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></u></div>
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<a href="http://chandraagatha.blogspot.com/2011/10/unit-pemrosesan-process-device.html#ixzz1hbf64GOq"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://chandraagatha.blogspot.com/2011/10/unit-pemrosesan-process-device.html#ixzz1hbf64GOq</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Desta Harisantihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07298801421189288453noreply@blogger.com1